Composition comprising at least one 2-pyrrolidone functionalized with an ester or amide radical, and at least one pigment or direct dye, for dyeing keratin materials

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a composition for dyeing keratin materials, and in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising at least one 2-pyrrolidone functionalized in the 4 position with an ester or amide radical, and at least one hydrophobic direct dye or a pigment; a dyeing process using this composition. Similarly, the invention relates to the use of the said pyrrolidone combined with a direct dye or a pigment for dyeing keratin materials, and especially to the use of the said pyrrolidone for improving the colour uptake onto the fibres of direct dyes that are sparingly soluble or insoluble in aqueous-alcoholic supports. The invention also relates to novel pyrrolidone derivatives. The present invention makes it possible in particular to obtain direct dyeing on keratin materials that is fast, resistant to washing, chromatic and powerful.

This is a national stage application of Pct/EP2011/059519, filedinternationally on Jun. 8, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/357,645, filed on Jun. 23, 2010, andclaims priority to French Application No. 1054560, filed Jun. 9, 2010.

The invention relates to a composition for dyeing keratin fibres, and inparticular human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising at leastone 2-pyrrolidone functionalized in position 4 with an ester or amideradical, and at least one pigment and/or hydrophobic direct dye, and toa dyeing process using this composition. The invention also relates tonovel pyrrolidone derivatives.

It is known practice to dye keratin fibres, especially human keratinfibres, by direct dyeing. The process conventionally used in directdyeing consists in directly applying to keratin fibres “direct” dyes,which are coloured and colouring molecules that have affinity for thesaid fibres. Generally, these dyes are predissolved in aqueous-alcoholicformulation supports. The compositions comprising these dyes are thenleft to stand on the fibres so that they diffused therein, and thefibres are then rinsed.

The colorations resulting therefrom are temporary or semi-permanentcolorations since they have a tendency to fade rapidly after successivewashing with shampoo. Specifically, most of the dyes used in directdyeing are water-soluble and are desorbed from the fibre duringshampooing.

It has moreover already been proposed to use pigments, as in patentapplication FR 2 741 530, which recommends the use, for the dyeing ofkeratin fibres, of a composition comprising particular film-formingpolymers and dispersed pigments. The colorations obtained via thisdyeing method have the drawback of having poor shampoo resistance andunsatisfactory colorations, especially in terms of chromaticity.

2-Pyrrolidone derivatives functionalized with esters in position 4 areknown in the field of inks (see, for example, EP 1 342 759, WO 2008/131396); for improving the transdermal passage of medicaments (Int. J.Pharmaceutics, 44(1-3), 15-24 (1988)) and as natural gas inhibitors (EP2 028 247 and EP 2 022 781). Other 2-pyrrolidones functionalized withamides have been used in inkjet printing formulations (EP 2 142 610); asantiepileptics (J. Med. Chem. 47(3), 530-549 (2004)); as anticonvulsives(WO 2001/062 726) or as lubricant oil additives (FR 2 243 959) or geladditives (WO 2010/039 509).

In the field of dyeing keratin fibres, it is very difficult to usedirect dyes or pigments that are sparingly soluble or insoluble in wateror in aqueous-alcoholic solvents and to obtain satisfactory colorationof the keratin fibres especially in terms of colour uptake, selectivity,power or chromaticity, which can give varied shades, while at the sametime being sufficiently resistant to successive shampooing, or to sweat.

This technical problem has been solved by treating keratin materialswith a composition comprising, in a suitable cosmetic medium:

-   -   i) at least one compound of general formula (I); and    -   ii) at least one pigment and/or at least one direct dye that are        sparingly soluble or insoluble in standard aqueous-alcoholic        supports such as water, and especially the pigment(s) and/or        direct dye(s) have a solubility of less than 20 grams per liter        of water,    -   compound of formula (I):

-   -   and also the organic or mineral acid or base salts thereof,        optical isomers thereof: stereoisomers or enantiomers and        diastereoisomers, geometrical isomers and tautomers, and the        solvates thereof such as hydrates; in which formula (I):        -   X represents an oxygen atom or a divalent amino group            —N(R₅)—; with R₅ representing a hydrogen atom or a linear or            branched (C₁-C₃₀)alkyl group, particularly (C₁-C₆)alkyl,            optionally substituted with one or more groups —OH, —SH,            —NH₂, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylammonium, or cationic heteroaryl such            as pyridinium, imidazolium and/or guanidinium;        -   R₁ and R₂, which are identical or different, represent:            -   an optionally substituted hydrocarbon-based chain, the                said chain is a saturated linear C₁-C₃₀ or branched                C₃-C₃₀ or cyclic C₃-C₇ chain; the said hydrocarbon-based                chain is optionally interrupted with:                -   i) one or more heteroatoms such as —O—, —N(R₆)— or                    —S—,                -   ii) one or more groups —S(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —C(O)—,                    —N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—, or combinations of i) and ii),                    particularly —N(R₆)—C(O)—, C(O)—N(R₆)—,                    —N(R₆)—C(O)—N(R₇)— or —S—S— and/or optionally                -   iii) a saturated or unsaturated 3- to 6-membered                    carbon-based ring optionally substituted with one or                    more identical or different radicals chosen                    especially from hydroxyl (OH) and amino (—NRR′);            -   a divalent chain -Cycl-Alk-Cycl′- with:                -   Cycl and Cycl′, which may be identical or different,                    preferentially identical, representing a cyclic                    hydrocarbon-based chain, particularly a C₅-C₆                    cycloalkylene, such as cyclohexylene or                    cyclopentylene, and                -   Alk representing an optionally substituted                    (C₁-C₁)alkylene chain; which is preferentially                    unsubstituted;            -   an optionally substituted hydrocarbon-based chain, the                said chain is a saturated linear C₂-C₃₀ or branched                C₃-C₃₀ or cyclic C₃-C₇ chain; the said hydrocarbon-based                chain is optionally interrupted with:                -   i) one or more heteroatoms such as —O—, —N(R₆)— or                    —S—,                -   ii) one or more groups —S(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —C(O)—,                    —N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—, or combinations of i) and ii),                    particularly —N(R₆)—C(O)—, —C(O)—N(R₆)—,                    —N(R₆)—C(O)—N(R₇)— or —S—S— and/or optionally                -   iii) a 3- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated                    carbon-based ring optionally substituted with one or                    more identical or different radicals chosen                    especially from hydroxyl (OH) and amino (—NRR′);            -   R₁ and/or R₂ may also be substituted with one or more                radicals chosen from (E) and (F):

-   -   -   -    in which formulae (E) and (F):                -   X′ represents an oxygen atom —O— or —N(R₅)— with R₅                    as defined previously;                -   R′₁, and R′₂, which may be identical or different,                    being as defined for R₁ and R₂, but cannot be                    substituted with the radicals (E) or (F):

-   -   -   -   -    representing the point of attachment of the                    radicals (E) and (F) to the rest of the molecule;

        -   A₁ and A₂, which may be identical or different,            representing: a hydrogen atom, or a group chosen from a)            —OH, b) —SH, c) —NRR′; d) —O—P(O)(OH)₂; e) —O—S(O)₂OH; f)            —S(O)₂OH; g) —C(O)OH; h) saturated or unsaturated 3- to            6-membered (hetero)cycle optionally substituted with one or            more identical or different radicals chosen from            (hydroxy)(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxyl and —NRR′, the said            (hetero)cycle possibly being cationic; i)            —N+(R₇)(R₈)(R₉): j) RR′N—C(═NR″)—N(R)—, particularly

-   -   -    and            -   k) a radical of formula (G) or (H):

-   -   -   -   in which formulae (G) and (H):                -   X″ represents an oxygen atom —O— or —N(R₅)— with R₅                    as defined previously;                -   R″₁, and R″₂, which may be identical or different,                    are as defined for R′₁, and R′₂ previously;                -   with A₁ and A₂ not simultaneously representing a                    radical (G) or (H);

        -   R₃, R₄, R′₃, R′₄, R″₃ and R″₄, which may be identical or            different, representing a hydrogen atom or a linear C₁-C₁₂            or branched C₃-C₁₂ alkyl chain;

        -   R₆ represents a hydrogen atom or a linear (C₁-C₂₀)alkyl or            branched (C₃-C₂₀) alkyl group, optionally substituted with a            radical (G) or (H);

        -   R₇, R₅ and R₉, which may be identical or different,            representing a hydrogen atom or a group (C₁-C₆)alkyl            optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups;

        -   R, R′ and R″, which may be identical or different,            representing a hydrogen atom or a group (C₁-C₁₈)alkyl            optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups;            it being understood that when A₁ and/or A₂ and/or R₁ and/or            R₂ and/or R₅ contain or denote a cationic group, the            electrical neutrality of the compounds of formula (I) is            ensured by an anionic counterion or a mixture of anionic            counterions such as cosmetically acceptable organic or            mineral anions, particularly acetate, lactate, tartrate,            citrate, halide (Cl⁻, Br⁻), SO₄ ²⁻, MeSO₄ ⁻, EtSO₄ ⁻,            ethosulfate, hydrogen sulfate, para-toluenesulfonate or            mesylate.

Another subject of the invention is the derivative of formula (Ia)chosen from compounds 1 to 65:

And also the organic or mineral acid salts thereof, optical isomersthereof: stereoisomers, enantiomers and diastereoisomers, and thesolvates thereof such as hydrates;in which formula (Ia):

-   -   R′₅ representing a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched        (C₁-C₂₀)alkyl and particularly (C₁-C₆)alkyl group;    -   R^(a) represents a linear or branched (C₂-C₃₀)alkyl and        preferentially linear (C₂-C₂₀)alkyl group;    -   R^(b) represents a linear or branched (C₁-C₂₀)alkyl and        preferentially branched (C₃-C₁₀)alkyl group; preferentially,        R_(a) and R_(b) are linear;        it being understood that R_(a) cannot represent a branched chain        chosen from isopropyl —CH(CH₃)₂, n-butyl —(CH₂)₃—CH₃, tert-butyl        —C(CH₃)₃, isopentyl —CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃)₂, and —CH₂—CH(CH₂CH₃)-n-Bu,        and that the compounds of formula (Ia) cannot represent the        following compounds:

with m=1, 4, 7, 11 and 17;and compounds 1 to 65:

Compounds 1 to 65, and also the organic or mineral acid salts thereof,optical isomers thereof: stereoisomers or enantiomers anddiastereoisomers, and the solvates thereof such as hydrates.

Another subject of the invention is a process for dyeing keratinmaterials using the cosmetic composition as defined previously.

A subject of the invention is similarly the use of the said pyrrolidonecombined with a pigment and/or a direct dye that are sparingly solubleor insoluble in aqueous-alcoholic supports, for dyeing keratinmaterials, and especially the use of the said pyrrolidone for improvingthe colour uptake onto keratin fibres of the said pigments and directdyes that are sparingly soluble or insoluble in aqueous-alcoholicsupports.

The use of the composition according to the invention, as definedpreviously, makes it possible to overcome drawbacks especially in termsof solubility, colour uptake, selectivity, power or chromaticity, whileat the same time being particularly resistant to successive shampooing,or to sweat.

For the purposes of the present invention, and unless otherwiseindicated:

-   -   The “saturated carbon-based rings” are cycloalkyls such as        cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl;        preferentially cyclohexyl;    -   The “unsaturated carbon-based rings” are C₃ to C₆ rings        comprising from 1 to 3 conjugated or unconjugated double bonds,        particularly of the cycloalkylene type such as hexylenyl, or        aryl such as phenyl;    -   The “heterocycles” are hydrocarbon-based rings in which one or        more of the carbon atoms have been replaced with one or more        heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms, the said        heterocycle possibly being saturated; they are heterocycloalkyls        that are preferentially 3- to 6-membered, such as morpholinyl,        thiomorpholinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl,        tetrahydrofuryl or azepanyl, preferentially pyrrolidinyl and        morpholinyl;    -   or alternatively the said heterocycle is unsaturated and        comprises from 1 to 3 conjugated or unconjugated double bonds,        particularly of heterocycloalkenyl or heteroaryl type as defined        below;    -   an “aryl” radical represents a fused or non-fused monocyclic or        polycyclic group containing from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and in        which at least one ring is aromatic; preferentially, the aryl        radical is a phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, anthracenyl or        tetrahydronaphthyl;    -   a “heteroaryl radical” represents a fused or nonfused,        optionally cationic, 5- to 22-membered monocyclic or polycyclic        group, comprising from 1 to 6 heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen,        oxygen, sulfur and selenium, and at least one ring of which is        aromatic; preferentially, a heteroaryl radical is chosen from        acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzobistriazolyl, benzopyrazolyl,        benzopyridazinyl, benzoquinolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl,        benzoxazolyl, pyridyl, tetrazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl,        imidazopyridyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, isoquinolyl,        naphthoimidazolyl, naphthooxazolyl, naphthopyrazolyl,        oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxazolopyridyl, phenazinyl, phenoxazolyl,        pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrilyl, pyrazoyltriazyl, pyridyl,        pyridinoimidazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolyl, tetrazolyl,        thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiazolopyridyl, thiazoylimidazolyl,        thiopyrylyl, triazolyl, xanthylyl and the ammonium salt thereof;    -   The “(hetero)cycles” are either saturated or unsaturated        heterocycles or carbon-based rings as defined previously;    -   The “cyclic hydrocarbon-based chain” is a divalent 3- to        7-membered chain, which may be saturated or unsaturated with 1        to 3 unsaturations, especially such as cycloalkylene or arylene,        such as those chosen from:

-   -   The aromatic part of a (hetero)cyclic radical may be substituted        with a substituent borne by a carbon atom, chosen from:        -   a C₁-C₁₆ and preferably C₁-C₈ alkyl radical optionally            substituted with one or more radicals chosen from hydroxyl,            C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₂-C₄ (poly)hydroxyalkoxy, acylamino, amino            substituted with two C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, which may be            identical or different, optionally bearing at least one            hydroxyl group, or the two radicals possibly forming, with            the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a saturated or            unsaturated, optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered and            preferably 5- or 6-membered heterocycle optionally            comprising another nitrogen or non-nitrogen heteroatom;        -   a halogen atom such as chlorine, fluorine or bromine;        -   a hydroxyl group;        -   a C₁-C₂ alkoxy radical;        -   a C₂-C₄ (poly)hydroxyalkoxy radical;        -   an amino radical;        -   nitro;        -   a 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl radical;        -   an optionally cationic 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl radical,            preferentially imidazolium, optionally substituted with a            (C₁-C₄)alkyl radical, preferentially methyl;        -   an amino radical substituted with one or two identical or            different C₁-C₆ alkyl radicals, optionally bearing at least:            -   i) a hydroxyl group,            -   ii) an amino group optionally substituted with one or                two optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl radicals, said                alkyl radicals possibly forming with the nitrogen atom                to which they are attached a saturated or unsaturated,                optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycle,                optionally comprising at least one other heteroatom                identical to or different from nitrogen,            -   iii) a quaternary ammonium group for which R′, R″ and                R′″, which may be identical or different, represent a                hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group; and M⁻ represents                the organic or mineral counterion, such as halide,            -   iv) or an optionally cationic 5- or 6-membered                heteroaryl radical, preferentially imidazolium,                optionally substituted with a (C₁-C₄)alkyl radical,                preferentially methyl;        -   an acylamino radical (—NR—C(O)R′) in which the radical R is            a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical optionally bearing            at least one hydroxyl group and the radical R′ is a C₁-C₂            alkyl radical;        -   a carbamoyl radical ((R)₂N—C(O)—) in which the radicals R,            which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen            atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical optionally bearing at least            one hydroxyl group;        -   a carboxylic acid or ester radical, (—O—C(O)R′) or            (—C(O)OR′), in which the radical R is a hydrogen atom or a            C₁-C₄ alkyl radical optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl            group and the radical R′ is a C₁-C₂ alkyl radical;        -   the carboxylic radical possibly being in acid or salified            form (preferably with an alkali metal or a substituted or            unsubstituted ammonium);        -   an alkylsulfonylamino radical (R′S(O)₂—NR—) in which the            radical R is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical            optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group and the            radical R′ is a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical or a phenyl radical;        -   an aminosulfonyl radical ((R)₂N—S(O)₂—) in which the            radicals R, which may be identical or different, represent a            hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical optionally bearing at            least one hydroxyl group;        -   a cyano group (CN);        -   a polyhaloalkyl group, preferentially trifluoromethyl (CF₃);    -   the non-aromatic part of a cyclic or heterocyclic radical may be        substituted with at least one substituent borne by a carbon        atom, chosen from the groups:        -   hydroxyl,        -   C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₂-C₄ (poly)hydroxyalkoxy,        -   alkylcarbonylamino ((RCO—NR′—) in which the radical R′ is a            hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical optionally bearing at            least one hydroxyl group, and the radical R is a C₁-C₂ alkyl            radical or an amino radical substituted with two C₁-C₄ alkyl            groups, which may be identical or different, optionally            bearing at least one hydroxyl group, the said alkyl radicals            possibly forming, with the nitrogen atom to which they are            attached, a saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted            5- to 7-membered heterocycle optionally comprising at least            one other heteroatom identical to or different from            nitrogen;        -   alkylcarbonyloxy ((RC(O)—O—) in which the radical R is a            C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, an amino radical substituted with two            C₁-C₄ alkyl groups, which may be identical or different,            optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group, the said            alkyl radicals possibly forming, with the nitrogen atom to            which they are attached, a saturated or unsaturated,            optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycle            optionally comprising at least one other heteroatom            identical to or different from nitrogen;        -   alkoxycarbonyl ((RO—C(O)—) in which the radical R is a C₁-C₄            alkyl radical, an amino radical substituted with two C₁-C₄            alkyl groups, which may be identical or different,            optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group, the said            alkyl radicals possibly forming, with the nitrogen atom to            which they are attached, a saturated or unsaturated,            optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycle            optionally comprising at least one other heteroatom            identical to or different from nitrogen;    -   a compound containing one or more cationic groups, which means        that the said compound comprises at least one cationic group        other than an acid salt, particularly the said compound        comprises at least one group chosen from        tri(C₁-C₆)alkylammonium, guanidinium —N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—; cationic        (hetero)cycle or heteroaryl; —N⁺(R₇)(R₈)(R₉) as defined        previously;    -   a cyclic or heterocyclic radical, or a non-aromatic portion of        an aryl or heteroaryl radical, may also be substituted with one        or more oxo groups;    -   a hydrocarbon-based chain is unsaturated when it comprises one        or more double bonds and/or one or more triple bonds that may be        conjugated or unconjugated; preferentially, it comprises from 1        to 3 double bonds;    -   a “salt of an organic or mineral acid” is chosen, for example,        from a solvent derived from i) hydrochloric acid HCl, ii)        hydrobromic acid HBr, iii) sulfuric acid H₂SO₄, iv)        alkylsulfonic acids: Alk-S(O)₂OH such as methanesulfonic acid        and ethanesulfonic acid; v) arylsulfonic acids: Ar—S(O)₂OH such        as benzenesulfonic acid and toluenesulfonic acid; vi) citric        acid; vii) succinic acid; viii) tartaric acid; ix) lactic        acid; x) alkoxysulfinic acids: Alk-O—S(O)OH such as        methoxysulfinic acid and ethoxysulfinic acid; xi)        aryloxysulfinic acids such as tolueneoxysulfinic acid and        phenoxysulfinic acid; xii) phosphoric acid P(O)(OH)₃; xiii)        acetic acid CH₃C(O)OH; xiv) triflic acid CF₃SO₂OH; and xv)        tetrafluoroboric acid HBF₄;    -   an “organic or mineral base salt” is chosen, for example, from a        salt derived from mineral bases such as i) sodium hydroxide        NaOH, ii) potassium hydroxide KOH, or from organic bases such        as iii) aqueous ammonia; iv) amines and hydroxyamines such as        (tri)(C₁-C₆)alkylamine or (tri)hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkylamine, and        also salts thereof derived from alkali metals and alkaline-earth        metals;    -   an “anionic counterion” is an anion or an anionic group        associated with the cationic charge of the dye; more        particularly, the anionic counterion is chosen from: i) halides        such as chloride or bromide; ii) nitrates; iii) sulfonates,        including C₁-C₆ alkylsulfonates: Alk-S(O)₂O⁻ such as        methanesulfonate or mesylate and ethanesulfonate; iv)        arylsulfonates: Ar—S(O)₂O⁻ such as benzenesulfonate and        toluenesulfonate or tosylate; v) citrate; vi) succinate; vii)        tartrate; viii) lactate; ix) alkyl sulfates: Alk-O—S(O)O⁻ such        as methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate; x) aryl sulphates:        Ar—O—S(O)O⁻ such as benzene sulfate and toluene sulfate; xi)        alkoxy sulfates: Alk-O—S(O)₂O⁻ such as methoxy sulfate and        ethoxy sulfate; xii) aryloxy sulfates: Ar—O—S(O)₂O⁻; xiii)        phosphate; xiv) acetate; xv) triflate; and xvi) borates such as        a tetrafluoroborate;    -   an “alkyl” radical is a saturated, linear or branched        hydrocarbon-based radical, containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms        and particularly from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as the methyl or        ethyl radical;    -   an “alkoxy” radical is an “alkyl-oxy” alkyl-O— radical in which        the alkyl part is as defined previously;    -   the alkyl, alkoxy or (hetero)cycloalkyl radicals followed by        “optionally substituted with . . . ” means that the said        radicals may have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with one        or more substituents in question, particularly one or two        substituents in question;    -   the term “optionally substituted” attributed to the alkyl        radical, the hydrocarbon-based chain or the alkylene chain means        that the said alkyl radicals or hydrocarbon-based chain may be        substituted with one or more radicals chosen from the following        radicals: i) hydroxyl, ii) C₁-C₄ alkoxy, iii) acylamino, iv)        amino optionally substituted with one or two identical or        different C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, the said alkyl radicals possibly        forming with the nitrogen atom that bears them a 5- to        7-membered heterocycle optionally comprising another heteroatom        identical to or different from nitrogen; v) or a quaternary        ammonium group —N⁺R′R″R′″, M⁻ for which R′, R″ and R′″, which        may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a        C₁-C₄ alkyl group, or alternatively —N⁺R′R″R′″ forms a        heterocycle of heteroaryl type such as imidazolium optionally        substituted with a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, and M⁻ represents the        counterion of the organic or mineral acid or of the        corresponding halide.        Compounds of Formula (I) or (Ia):

According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the compoundsof formula (I) are such that X, X′ and X″ represent an oxygen atom or anamino group —N(R₅)—, particularly R₅═H or a group (C₁-C₆)alkyl.

According to another particular embodiment of the invention, in thecompounds of formula (I) the radicals R₃, R′₄, R″₃, R″₄ represent ahydrogen atom.

One particularly advantageous variant of the invention concerns thecompounds of formula (I) in which R₁ denotes a linear C₁-C₂₀ or branchedC₃-C₂₀ saturated hydrocarbon-based chain optionally interrupted with oneor more heteroatoms such as O, S or groups —N(R₆)—, —N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—,—N(R₆)—C(O)—, —C(O)—N(R₆)—, —N(R₆)—C(O)—N(R₇)— or —S—S— and/oroptionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicalschosen from hydroxyl (OH) and —NR₆R.

Particularly, the compound of formula (I) is such that the radical R₆represents a group (C₁-C₆)alkyl optionally substituted with a radical(G) as defined previously and R₇ represents a hydrogen atom or a group(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

Preferentially, R″₂ represents a group (C₁-C₄)alkylene.

According to another advantageous variant of the invention, the compoundof formula (I) is such that R₂ denotes a linear C₁-C₁₂ or branchedC₃-C₁₂ saturated hydrocarbon-based chain optionally interrupted with oneor more heteroatoms such as O, S or groups —N(R₆)—, —N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—,—N(R₆)—C(O)—, —C(O)—N(R₆)—, —N(R₆)—C(O)—N(R₇)— or —S—S— and/oroptionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicalschosen from hydroxyl (OH) and —NRR′, preferentially, R and R′ representa hydrogen atom or a group C₁-C₅ alkyl.

Preferentially, the compound of formula (I) is such that:

A1 represents:

-   -   a hydrogen atom,    -   a radical —OH,    -   a radical —S(O)₂OH    -   a radical NRR′,    -   a radical —O—P(O)OH₂    -   a radical —O—S(O)₂OH    -   a radical —C(O)OH,    -   a saturated or unsaturated 4- to 6-membered (hetero)cycle, this        (hetero)cycle possibly being cationic,    -   a radical of formula: —N⁺(R₇)(R₈)(R₉) or (G)

According to one preferred mode of the invention, the compound offormula (I) contains only one 2-pyrrolidinone units functionalized inposition 4 with an ester or amide, i.e. it does not contain any units(E), (F), (G) or (H).

According to another preferred mode of the invention, the compound offormula contains two or three 2-pyrrolidinone units functionalized inposition 4 with an ester or amide, preferentially of unit (E) and/or(G). More particularly, R₁ represents a divalent chain -alk-T-alk′- with

-   -   T representing:        -   either a covalent bond σ₁        -   or a heteroatom such as O,        -   or a group —N(R′₆)— with R′₆ representing a hydrogen atom or            a group (C₁-C₆)alkyl or -alk′-(E);        -   or a divalent group —X_(a)-alk″-X_(b)— with X_(a) and X_(b),            which may be identical or different, representing a            heteroatom such as 0 or a group NH;    -   alk, alk′ and alk″, which may be identical or different,        representing a group (C₁-C₆) alkylene, preferentially alk, alk′        and alk″ are identical and represent an ethylene or propylene        chain;    -   A₁ represents a radical (G) as defined previously.        According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the        compounds of formula (I) contain one or more cationic groups.

According to one preferred variant of the invention, the compound offormula (I) containing R₇, R₇, R₉ represent, independently of eachother, a group (C₁-C₄)alkyl.

Preferentially, the compound of formula (I) is such that:

A2 represents:

-   -   a hydrogen atom,    -   a hydroxyl radical,    -   a saturated or unsaturated 4- to 6-membered (hetero)cycle, this        (hetero)cycle possibly being cationic,    -   a radical of formula: —N⁺(R₇)(R₈)(R₉).

More particularly, R₂ represents a saturated C₁-C₁₀ hydrocarbon-basedchain optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms.

According to one particular mode of the invention, R₂ represents asaturated hydrocarbon-based chain interrupted with several oxygens suchthat the said chain is: —[—CH₂—CH₂]_(n)—O—, with n representing aninteger between 1 and 4.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the compound(s)of formula (I) are of formula (I′ a):

and also the organic or mineral acid salts thereof, optical isomersthereof: stereoisomers, enantiomers and diastereoisomers, and thesolvates thereof such as hydrates;in which formula (Ia):

-   -   X represents an oxygen atom or a divalent amino group —N(R′₅)—;        with R′₅ representing a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched        (C₁-C₂₀)alkyl and particularly (C₁-C₆)alkyl group;    -   R^(a) represents a linear or branched (C₂-C₃₀)alkyl and        preferentially linear (C₂-C₂₀)alkyl group;    -   R^(b) represents a linear or branched (C₁-C₂₀)alkyl and        preferentially branched (C₃-C₁₀)alkyl group.

According to one particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention,the compounds of formula (I) are such that X═O, R₃, R₄, A₁ and A₂represent a hydrogen atom; and R₁ and R₂, which may be identical ordifferent, represent a linear C₁-C₈ or branched C₃-C₈ alkylene group.

Preferentially, the compounds of formula (I) of the invention are chosenfrom those of the following list:

with Q⁻ being an anionic counterion, particularly halide or(C₁-C₆)alkoxy sulfate such as mesylate,compounds a to ih, and also the organic or mineral acid or base saltsthereof, optical isomers thereof: stereoisomers or enantiomers anddiastereoisomers, tautomers thereof, and the solvates thereof such ashydrates.

Another subject of the invention concerns novel compounds of formula(Ia) as defined previously. Particularly, the compounds of formula (Ia)and are such that R^(b) represents an ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,n-butyl, n-pentyl or hexyl.

Preferentially, the compounds of formula (Ia) of the invention arechosen from those of the following list:

Compounds 66 to 108, and also the organic or mineral acid salts thereof,optical isomers thereof: stereoisomers or enantiomers anddiastereoisomers, and the solvates thereof such as hydrates.

The synthesis of the derivatives of formula (I) in which X represents anoxygen atom and R3 and R4=H is described in the following articles: J.Org. Chem., 26, pages 1519-24 (1961); Tetrahedron Asymmetric, 12 (23),pages 3241-9 (2001); J. Industrial & Engineering Chem., 47, pages 1572-8(1955); J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60, pages 402-6 (1938); and in patents EP 0069 512, U.S. Pat. No. 2,811,496 (1955), U.S. Pat. No. 2,826,588, U.S.Pat. No. 3,136,620, FR 2 290 199 and FR 2 696 744. These derivatives maybe readily obtained:

-   -   either by condensation of a diester of itaconic acid of        formula (II) with a primary amine of formula (III), with or        without solvent, at a temperature of between 20° C. and 150° C.        according to the following scheme, it being understood that the        starting reagents (II) and (III) are readily available via the        standard synthetic routes known to those skilled in the art or        are commercially available:

-   -   or in two steps from itaconic acid of formula (IV) by        condensation with the primary amine of formula (III) in the        presence or absence of a solvent, to give the intermediate acid        of formula (V), followed by esterification of this acid of        formula (V) in the presence of an excess of alcohol of        formula (VI) according to the following scheme:

-   -   or the derivatives of formula (I) bearing an ester chain R′1        (linear C1-C30 or branched C3-C30 alkyl radical) may also be        obtained by transesterification of derivatives bearing an ester        chain (methyl or ethyl radical) in the presence of a linear        C1-C30 or branched C3-C30 alcohol and a tin or titanium        catalyst, according to the following scheme:

-   -   the derivatives of formula (I) in which X represents a divalent        amino group —NH— may also be obtained by reaction of the        derivatives bearing an ester chain (methyl or ethyl radical) in        the presence of a linear C1-C30 or branched C3-C30 amine, as        described in the following article: J. Org. Chem., 26, page        4955 (1961) or patent GB 956 253.

Pigments and Direct Dyes that are Sparingly Soluble or Insoluble inAqueous-Alcoholic Supports

The other ingredient combined with the compound of formula (I) or (Ia)in the invention is a direct dye and/or pigment that is sparinglysoluble or insoluble in standard aqueous-alcoholic supports.

Typically, the aqueous-alcoholic support comprises water and an alcohol.Preferentially, at least 50% water and at least 5% alcohol such asethanol, denatured alcohol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol,dipropylene glycol, benzyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol.

According to one particularly preferred mode of the invention, theaqueous-alcoholic support contains only water.

The term “direct dye” means natural and/or synthetic dyes, other thanoxidation dyes. These are dyes that will spread superficially on thefibre.

These direct dyes are chosen, for example, from neutral, acidic orcationic nitrobenzene direct dyes, neutral, acidic or cationic azodirect dyes, tetraazapentamethine dyes, neutral, acidic or cationicquinone and in particular anthraquinone dyes, azine direct dyes,triarylmethane direct dyes, azomethine direct dyes and natural directdyes.

Among the nitrobenzene direct dyes that may be mentioned, in anon-limiting manner, are the following compounds:

1,4-diamino-2-nitrobenzene, 1-amino-2nitro-4-β-hydroxyethylaminobenzene, 1-amino-2nitro-4-bis(-hydroxyethyl)-aminobenzene,1,4-Bis(β-hydroxyethylamino)-2-nitrobenzene,1-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4-bis-(β-hydroxyethylamino)-benzene,1-β-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4-aminobenzene,1-β-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4-(ethyl)(β-hydroxyethylyaminobenzene,1-amino-3-methyl-4-β-hydroxyethylamino-6-nitrobenzene,1-amino-2-nitro-4-hydroxyethylamino-5-chlorobenzene,1,2-Diamino-4-nitrobenzene, 1-amino-2-hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene,1,2-Bis(β-hydroxyethylamino)-4-nitrobenzene,1-amino-2-tris-(hydroxymethyl)-methylamino-5-nitrobenzene,1-Hydroxy-2-amino-5-nitrobenzene, 1-Hydroxy-2-amino-4-nitrobenzene,1-Hydroxy-3-nitro-4-aminobenzene, 1-Hydroxy-2-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzene,1-β-hydroxyethyloxy-2-hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene,1-Methoxy-2-β-hydroxyethyl-amino-5-nitrobenzene,1-β-hydroxyethyloxy-3-methylamino-4-nitrobenzene,1-β,γ-dihydroxypropyloxy-3-methylamino-4-nitrobenzene,1-β-hydroxyethylamino-4-β,γ-dihydroxypropyloxy-2-nitrobenzene,1-β,γ-dihydroxypropylamino-4-trifluoromethyl-2-nitrobenzene,1-β-hydroxyethylamino-4-trifluoromethyl-2-nitrobenzene,1-β-hydroxyethylamino-3-methyl-2-nitrobenzene,1-β-aminoethylamino-5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzene,1-Hydroxy-2-chloro-6-ethylamino-4-nitrobenzene,1-Hydroxy-2-chloro-6-amino-4-nitrobenzene,1-Hydroxy-6-bis-(β-hydroxyethyl)-amino-3-nitrobenzene,1-β-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitrobenzene,1-Hydroxy-4-β-hydroxyethylamino-3-nitrobenzene.

Among the azo direct dyes, mention may be made of the cationic azo dyesdescribed in patent applications WO-95/15144, WO-95/01772 and EP-714954, the content of which forms an integral part of the invention.

Among these compounds, mention may be made most particularly of thefollowing dyes:1,3-dimethyl-2-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]-1H-imidazolium chloride,1,3-dimethyl-2-[(4-aminophenyl)azo]-1H-imidazolium chloride,1-methyl-4-[(methylphenylhydrazono)methyl]pyridinium methyl sulfate.

Among the azo direct dyes, mention may also be made of the followingdyes, described in the Colour Index International 3rd edition:

Disperse Red 17, Acid Yellow 9, Acid Black 1, Basic Red 22, Basic Red76, Basic Yellow 57, Basic Brown 16, Acid Yellow 36, Acid Orange 7, AcidRed 33, Acid Red 35, Basic Brown 17, Acid Yellow 23, Acid Orange 24,Disperse Black 9.

Mention may also be made of1-(4′-aminodiphenylazo)-2-methyl-4-bis((β-hydroxyethyl)aminobenzene and4-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenylazo)-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid.

Among the quinone direct dyes that may be mentioned are the followingdyes:

Disperse Red 15, Solvent Violet 13, Acid Violet 43, Disperse Violet 1,Disperse Violet 4, Disperse Blue 1, Disperse Violet 8, Disperse Blue 3,Disperse Red 11, Acid Blue 62, Disperse Blue 7, Basic Blue 22, DisperseViolet 15, Basic Blue 99, and also the following compounds:1-N-methylmorpholiniumpropylamino-4-hydroxy-anthraquinone,1-aminopropylamino-4-methylaminoanthraquinone,1-aminopropyl-aminoanthraquinone,5-β-hydroxyethyl-1,4-diaminoanthraquinone,2-aminoethylamino-anthraquinone,1,4-bis(β,γ-dihydroxypropylamino)anthraquinone,1,4-diamino-5-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)-anthraquinone.

Among the azine dyes that may be mentioned are the following compounds:

-   -   Basic Blue 17 and Basic Red 2.

Among the triarylmethane dyes, mention may be made of the followingcompounds: Basic Green 1, Acid Blue 9, Basic Violet 3, Basic Violet 14,Basic Blue 7, Acid Violet 49, Basic Blue 26, Acid Blue 7.

Among the azomethine dyes that may be mentioned are the followingcompounds:

-   2-amino-5-(4-aminophenylamino)-6-(4-aminophenylimino)-6H    pyridin-3-one-   2-[(4-aminophenyl)amino]-4-[(4-aminophenyl)imino]-5-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one-   5-hydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)imino]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one-   2-({4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl}amino)-4-({4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-phenyl}imino)-5-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one-   5-amino-2-[(4-aminophenyl)amino]-4-[(4-aminophenyl)imino]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one-   5-amino-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)imino]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one-   5-amino-2-({4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl}amino)-4-({4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl}imino)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one-   2-[(4-aminophenyl)amino]-5-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]benzo-1,4-quinone-   2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]benzo-1,4-quinone-   2-({4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl}amino)-5-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]benzo-1,4-quinone-   2-amino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-6-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)imino]pyridin-3(6H)-one-   2-amino-5-({4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl}amino)-6-({4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl}imino)pyridin-3(6H)-one-   3-amino-4-[(4-aminophenyl)imino]-2-chloro-6-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one-   3-amino-4-[(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)imino]-2-chloro-6-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one-   3-amino-4-[(4-amino-2-methylphenyl)imino]-2-chloro-6-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one    14+75151-   3-amino-2-chloro-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)imino]-6-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one    808+75151-   3-amino-4-({4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl}imino)-2-chloro-6-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one.

Among the natural direct dyes, mention may be made of lawsone, juglone,alizarin, purpurin, carminic acid, kermesic acid, purpurogallin,protocatechaldehyde, indigo, isatin, curcumin, spinulosin andapigenidin. Extracts or decoctions containing these natural dyes andespecially henna-based poultices or extracts, may also be used.

The term “pigment” is intended to denote a white or coloured solidparticle, which is naturally insoluble in the liquid hydrophilic andlipophilic phases usually used in cosmetics, or which is made insolubleby formulation in the form of a lake, where appropriate.

Pigments that may be mentioned include organic and inorganic pigmentssuch as those defined and described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry “Pigment organics”, 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim 10.1002/14356007.a20 371 and ibid, “Pigments,Inorganic, 1. General” 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,Weinheim10.1002/14356007.a20_(—)243.pub3

Azo pigments that contain one or more azo groups A-N═N—B with Arepresenting an optionally substituted (hetero)aryl, B representingoptionally substituted (hetero)aryl or —CH[C(O)—R]—C(O)—X₁-A′, A′representing an optionally substituted (hetero)aryl and R representing ahydrogen atom or a group (C₁-C₆)alkyl, with the groups A, A′ and B being(hetero)aryls that do not contain any solubilizing groups such as —SO₃Hor —COOH.

They may particularly be monoazo pigments including β-naphthols,monoazopyrrolones, benzimidazolone pigments; diazo pigments such asdiazodiarylide pigments and bis(N-acetoacetarylide), and triazo ortetraazo pigments.

Mention may also be made of azo metal complex pigments.

Other pigments are also advantageous, namely isoindolinone andisoindoline pigments, phthalocyanin pigments; quinacridone pigments;perinone pigments; perylene pigments; anthraquinone pigments such ashydroxyanthraquinone pigments; aminoanthraquinone pigments includingacylaminoanthraquinones and azo anthraquinone pigments; heterocyclicanthraquinones; polycarboxylic anthraquinone pigments, pyranthronepigments; anthranthrone pigments; diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) pigments;thioindigo pigments; dioxazine pigments; triphenylmethane pigments;quinophthalone pigments; and fluorescent pigments.

When the dyes comprise one or more solubilising groups such as —SO₃H or—COOH, these dyes are made insoluble and consequently pigments byformation of a lake, i.e. by salification (e.g. Na, Ca, St, Ba, etc.)and divided mainly into β-naphthol and 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acidpigments “(BON) pigment lakes”.

In the context of the present invention, the pigment may be at leastpartly organic.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the pigment is an organicpigment.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the pigment is amineral pigment.

The microcapsules according to the invention comprise not more than 80%by weight of pigment relative to the weight of the polymer matrix. Inparticular, they may comprise from 0.5% to 75% by weight, for examplefrom 1% to 70% by weight, especially from 20% to 65% by weight or evenfrom 30% to 60% by weight of pigment relative to the weight of thepolymer matrix.

Needless to say, the degree of encapsulation depends on the desiredmodification of the shade and may thus vary significantly according tothe effect that it is desired to obtain.

As illustrations of pigments that may be used in the present invention,mention may be made of carbon black, titanium oxide, chromium oxide,pigments of D&C or FD&C type and lakes thereof, and especially thoseknown under the names D&C Blue No. 4, D&C Brown No. 1, FD&C Green No. 3,D&C Green No. 5, D&C Green No. 6, FD&C Green No. 8, D&C Orange No. 4,D&C Orange No. 5, D&C Orange No. 10, D&C Orange No. 11, FD&C Red No. 4,D&C Red No. 6, D&C Red No. 7, D&C Red No. 17, D&C Red No. 21, D&C RedNo. 22, D&C Red No. 27, D&C Red No. 28, D&C Red No. 30, D&C Red No. 31,D&C Red No. 33, D&C Red No. 34, D&C Red No. 36, FD&C Red No. 40, FD&CRed 40 lake, D&C Violet No. 2, Ext. D&C Violet No. 2, FD & C Blue No. 1,D&C Yellow No. 6, FD&C Yellow No. 6, D&C Yellow No. 7, Ext. D&C YellowNo. 7, D&C Yellow No. 8, D&C Yellow No. 10 or D&C Yellow No. 11, itbeing understood that when the said pigment is not naturally insolublein the hydrophilic and lipophilic phases usually used in cosmetics, itis used in the form of a corresponding lake, as explained previously.

Examples of lakes that may especially be mentioned include lakes basedon barium, strontium, calcium or aluminium, or alternativelydiketopyrrolopyrroles.

As further examples of pigments that may be used in the presentinvention, mention may be made especially of mineral pigments,optionally surface-treated and/or coated, and especially titaniumdioxide, zirconium oxide or cerium oxide, and also zinc oxide, ironoxide (black, yellow or red) or chromium oxide, manganese violet,ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate and ferric blue, or alternativelymetal powders, for instance aluminium powder, copper powder, gold powderand silver powder.

Mention may also be made of pigments with an optical effect such asparticles comprising a natural or synthetic organic or mineralsubstrate, for example glass, acrylic resins, polyester, polyurethane,polyethylene terephthalate, ceramics or aluminas, the said substratebeing optionally covered with metal substances, for instance aluminium,gold, silver, platinum, copper or bronze, or with metal oxides, forinstance titanium dioxide, iron oxide or chromium oxide.

They may also be nacres.

The term “nacres” should be understood as meaning iridescent particles,which are especially produced by certain molluscs in their shell, oralternatively which are synthesized.

The nacreous pigments may be chosen from mica coated with titanium orwith bismuth oxychloride, titanium mica coated with iron oxides,titanium mica coated especially with ferric blue or with chromium oxide,titanium mica coated with an organic pigment of the abovementioned type,and also nacreous pigments based on bismuth oxychloride. Interferencepigments, especially liquid-crystal or multilayer pigments, may also beused.

They may also be pigments having a structure that may be, for example,of sericite/brown iron oxide/titanium dioxide/silica type.

They may also be pigments having a structure that may be, for example,of silica microsphere type containing iron oxide.

As examples of pigments and lakes that are most particularly suitablefor use in the present invention, mention may be made especially of D&CRed No. 7, titanium oxide, chromium oxide, lakes of the pigments of D&Cand FD&C type mentioned above, and especially D&C Red No. 22 lake,Yellow No. 6 lake and FD&C Blue No. 1 lake.

These pigments may be in the form of powder or of pigmentary paste. Theymay be coated or uncoated.

The pigments in accordance with the invention may be chosen, forexample, from white or coloured pigments, lakes, pigments with specialeffects such as nacres or flakes, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of white or coloured mineral pigments that may be mentionedinclude zirconium oxide or cerium oxide, chromium oxides, manganeseviolet, ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate and ferric blue.

Examples of white or coloured organic pigments that may be mentionedinclude nitroso, nitro, azo, xanthene, quinoline, anthraquinone andphthalocyanin compounds, compounds of metallic complex type, andisoindolinone, isoindoline, quinacridone, perinone, perylene,diketopyrrolopyrrole, thioindigo, dioxazine, triphenylmethane andquinophthalone compounds.

In particular, the white or coloured organic pigments may be chosen fromcarmine, carbon black, aniline black, azo yellow, quinacridone,phthalocyanin blue, sorghum red, the blue pigments codified in theColour Index under the references CI 42090, 69800, 69825, 73000, 74100,74160, the yellow pigments codified in the Colour Index under thereferences CI 11680, 11710, 15985, 19140, 20040, 21100, 21108, 47000,47005, the green pigments codified in the Colour Index under thereferences CI 61565, 61570, 74260, the orange pigments codified in theColour Index under the references CI 11725, 15510, 45370, 71105, the redpigments codified in the Colour Index under the references CI 12085,12120, 12370, 12420, 12490, 14700, 15525, 15580, 15620, 15630, 15800,15850, 15865, 15880, 17200, 26100, 45380, 45410, 58000, 73360, 73915,75470, the pigments obtained by oxidative polymerization of indole orphenolic derivatives as described in patent FR 2 679 771.

Pigmentary pastes of organic pigment may be used, such as the productssold by the company Hoechst under the name:

-   -   Jaune Cosmenyl IOG: Pigment Yellow 3 (CI 11710);    -   Jaune Cosmenyl G: Pigment Yellow 1 (CI 11680);    -   Orange Cosmenyl GR: Pigment Orange 43 (CI 71105);    -   Rouge Cosmenyl R: Pigment Red 4 (CI 12085);    -   Carmin Cosmenyl FB: Pigment Red 5 (CI 12490);    -   Violet Cosmenyl RL: Pigment Violet 23 (CI 51319);    -   Bleu Cosmenyl A2R: Pigment Blue 15.1 (CI 74160);    -   Vert Cosmenyl GG: Pigment Green 7 (CI 74260);    -   Noir Cosmenyl R: Pigment Black 7 (CI 77266).

The pigments in accordance with the invention may also be in the form ofcomposite pigments as described in patent EP 1 184 426. These compositepigments may be compounds, especially particles, comprising:

-   -   an inorganic core,    -   at least one binder for fixing the organic pigments to the        nucleus, and    -   at least one organic pigment at least partially covering the        nucleus.

The term “lake” means dyes adsorbed onto insoluble particles, theassembly thus obtained remaining insoluble during use. The mineralsubstrates onto which the dyes are adsorbed are, for example, alumina,silica, calcium sodium borosilicate or calcium aluminium borosilicate,and aluminium. Among the organic dyes that may be mentioned is cochinealcarmine.

Examples of lakes that may be mentioned include the products known underthe following names: D & C Red 21 (CI 45 380), D & C Orange 5 (CI 45370), D & C Red 27 (CI 45 410), D & C Orange 10 (CI 45 425), D & C Red 3(CI 45 430), D & C Red 7 (CI 15 850:1), D & C Red 4 (CI 15 510), D & CRed 33 (CI 17 200), D & C Yellow 5 (CI 19 140), D & C Yellow 6 (CI 15985), D & C Green (CI 61 570), D & C Yellow 1 O (CI 77 002), D & C Green3 (CI 42 053), D & C Blue 1 (CI 42 090).

The term “pigments with special effects” means pigments that generallycreate a coloured appearance (characterized by a certain shade, acertain vivacity and a certain level of luminance) that is non-uniformand that changes as a function of the conditions of observation (light,temperature, angles of observation, etc.). They are consequently incontrast with white or coloured pigments, which afford a standardopaque, semi-transparent or transparent uniform shade.

Examples of pigments with special effects that may be mentioned includewhite nacreous pigments such as mica coated with titanium or withbismuth oxychloride, coloured nacreous pigments such as mica coated withtitanium and with iron oxides, mica coated with titanium and especiallywith ferric blue or with chromium oxide, mica coated with titanium andwith an organic pigment as defined above, and also nacreous pigmentsbased on bismuth oxychloride.

Mention may also be made of pigments with an interference effect notbound to a substrate, for instance liquid crystals (Helicones HC fromWacker), holographic interference flakes (Geometric Pigments or Spectraf/x from Spectratek). The pigments with special effects also comprisefluorescent pigments, whether they are substances that are fluorescentin daylight or that produce ultraviolet fluorescence, phosphorescentpigments, photochromic pigments, thermochromic pigments and quantumdots, for example sold by the company Quantum Dots Corporation.

Quantum dots are luminescent semiconductive nanoparticles capable ofemitting, under light excitation, radiation with a wavelength of between400 nm and 700 nm. These nanoparticles are known in the literature. Inparticular, they may be manufactured according to the processesdescribed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,198 or U.S. Pat. No.5,990,479, in the publications cited therein and also in the followingpublications: Dabboussi B. O. et al “(CdSe)ZnS core-shell quantum dots:synthesis and characterization of a size series of highly luminescentnanocristallites” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 101, 1997, pp.9463-9475 and Peng, Xiaogang et al., “Epitaxial Growth of highlyLuminescent CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with photostability andelectronic accessibility” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.119, No. 30, pp. 7019-7029.

The pigments in accordance with the invention are preferably colouredpigments.

The variety of pigments used makes it possible to obtain a wide range ofcolours, and also particular optical effects such as metallic orinterference effects.

The size of a pigment other than the nacres in solution is generallybetween 10 nm and 10 μm, preferably between 50 nm and 5 μm and even morepreferentially between 100 nm and 3 μm. The size of a nacre in solutionis generally between 1 and 200 μm, preferably between 1 and 80 μm andeven more preferentially between 1 and 50 μm.

Among the mineral pigments, examples that may be mentioned includetitanium dioxide (rutile or anatase) optionally surface-treated andcodified in the Colour Index under the reference CI 77891; black,yellow, red and brown iron oxides, codified under the references CI77499, 77492 and 77491; manganese violet (CI 77742); ultramarine blue(CI 77007); hydrated chromium oxide (CI 77289); ferric blue (CI 77510).

Among the organic pigments that may be mentioned, for example, are thepigment Yellow 3 sold in particular under the trade name “Jaune CovanorW 1603” by the company Wackherr (CI 17710), “D & C Red No. 19” (CI45170), “D & C Red No. 9” (CI 15585), “D & C Red No. 21” (CI 45380), “D& C Orange No. 4” (CI 15510), “D & C Orange No. 5” (CI 45370), “D & CRed No. 27” (CI 45410), “D & C Red No. 13” (CI-15630), “D & C Red No. 7”(CI 15850-1), “D & C Red No. 6” (CI 15850-2), “D & C Yellow No. 5” (CI19140), “D & C Red No. 36” (CI 12085), “D & C Orange No. 10” (CI-45425),“D & C Yellow No. 6” (CI 15985), “D & C Red No. 30” (CI 73360), “D & CRed No. 3” (CI 45430), carbon black (CI 77266) and lakes based oncochineal carmine (CI-75470).

It is also possible to use nacreous pigments, which may be chosen inparticular from white nacreous pigments such as mica coated withtitanium oxide or bismuth oxide; coloured nacreous pigments such astitanium mica with iron oxides, titanium mica with ferric blue or withchromium oxide, titanium mica with an organic pigment of theabovementioned type, and also those based on bismuth oxychloride.

Pigmentary pastes of organic pigment are used more particularly, such asthe products sold by the company Hoechst under the name:

Jaune Cosmenyl 1OG: Pigment Yellow 3 (CI 11710);

Jaune Cosmenyl G: Pigment Yellow 1 (CI 11680);

Orange Cosmenyl GR: Pigment Orange 43 (CI 71105)

Rouge Cosmenyl R: Red 4 Pigment (CI 12085)

Carmin Cosmenyl FB: Red 5 Pigment (CI 12490)

Violet Cosmenyl RL: Violet Pigment 23 (CI 51319)

Bleu Cosmenyl A2R: Blue 15.1 Pigment (CI 74260)

Vert Cosmenyl GG: Green 7 Pigment (CI 74260)

Noir Cosmenyl R: Black 7 Pigment (CI 77266)

The pigments are present in concentrations preferably ranging from 0.05%to 10% by weight and even more particularly from 0.1% to 3% by weightrelative to the total weight of the composition.

The direct dyes and/or pigments that may be used in the composition ofthe invention are sparingly soluble or insoluble in water oraqueous-alcoholic medium, known to those skilled in the art. Examplesthat may be mentioned include:

Dye Chemical structure Solvent Black 3

Solvent Blue 104

Disperse Blue 134

Solvent Blue 14

Disperse Blue 14

Solvent Red 2

Solvent Brown 5

Solvent Green 5

Solvent Orange 2

Solvent Orange 1

Disperse Orange 24

Solvent Orange 63

Solvent Red 49

Solvent Red 1

Solvent Red 26

Solvent Red 27

Solvent Red 18

Solvent Red 23

Solvent Red 4

Solvent Orange 7

Disperse Blue 72

Disperse Violet 26

Disperse Yellow 16

Disperse Yellow 82

Disperse Yellow 54

Solvent Yellow 29

Solvent Yellow 163

Solvent Yellow 3

Solvent Yellow 56

Solvent Yellow 18

Solvent Yellow 98

Solvent Yellow 12

Solvent Yellow 14

Disperse Red 13

Disperse Green 9

Disperse Blue 148

Disperse Violet 63

Disperse Blue 60

Solvent Orange 15

Preferably, the pigments and/or dyes that are sparingly soluble orinsoluble in standard aqueous-alcoholic supports such as water, andespecially the pigment(s) and/or direct dye(s) with a solubility of lessthan 20 grams per liter of water, are chosen from carbon black;

Carminic acid, the compounds (A), (A′) and (B) and also the organic ormineral acid or base salts thereof, optical isomers thereof:stereoisomers or enantiomers and diastereoisomers, geometrical isomersand tautomers thereof, and solvates thereof such as hydrates;

The hydrophobic direct dye(s) may be present in the composition in anamount of between 0.001% and 5% by weight approximately relative to thetotal weight of the composition.

Cosmetic Composition:

The dye(s) or pigment(s) according to the invention are other thanphthalocyanins, and more particularly phthalocyanins comprising copperwhen the compound of formula (I) represents:

According to another particular embodiment of the invention, thecomposition is such that the dyeing(s) or pigment(s) according to theinvention are other than phthalocyanins, and in particularphthalocyanins comprising copper when the compound of formula (I)represents:

The cosmetic composition according to the invention is cosmeticallyacceptable for dyeing keratin fibres, i.e. it comprises a dye supportthat generally contains water or a mixture of water and of one or moreorganic solvents or a mixture of organic solvents. Preferentially, thecosmetic composition of the invention contains water.

As mentioned previously, the dye support is aqueous-alcoholic. Thissupport preferentially contains only water. According to oneparticularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cosmeticcomposition is formed i) from at least one compound of formula (I) asdefined previously, ii) from at least one pigment or direct dye asdefined previously, and iii) from water.

The term “organic solvent” means an organic substance that is capable ofdissolving or dispersing in another substance without chemicallymodifying it.

The Organic Solvents:

Examples of organic solvents that may be mentioned include C₁-C₄ loweralcohols, such as ethanol and isopropanol; polyols and polyol etherssuch as 2-butoxyethanol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether andmonomethyl ether, hexylene glycol, and also aromatic alcohols, forinstance benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol.

The organic solvents are present in proportions preferably of between 1%and 40% by weight approximately and even more preferentially between 5%and 30% by weight approximately relative to the total weight of the dyecomposition.

According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the compositioncontains as support water and no organic solvents other than those offormula (I) or (Ia) as defined previously.

Adjuvants:

The composition(s) of the dyeing process in accordance with theinvention may also contain various adjuvants conventionally used in hairdye compositions, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric orzwitterionic surfactants or mixtures thereof, anionic, cationic,nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic polymers or mixtures thereof,mineral or organic thickeners, and in particular anionic, cationic,nonionic and amphoteric polymeric associative thickeners, antioxidants,penetrants, sequestrants, fragrances, buffers, dispersants, conditioningagents, for instance volatile or non-volatile, modified or unmodifiedsilicones, film-forming agents, ceramides, preserving agents andopacifiers.

Said adjuvants are preferably chosen from surfactants such as anionic ornonionic surfactants or mixtures thereof and mineral or organicthickeners.

The above adjuvants are generally present in an amount for each of themof between 0.01% and 40% by weight relative to the weight of thecomposition, and preferably between 0.1% and 20% by weight relative tothe weight of the composition.

Needless to say, a person skilled in the art will take care to selectthis or these optional additional compound(s) such that the advantageousproperties intrinsically associated with the composition in accordancewith the invention are not, or are not substantially, adversely affectedby the envisaged addition(s).

The Additional Dyes:

The composition comprising one or more pigments and/or one or moredirect dyes that are sparingly soluble or insoluble in aqueous-alcoholicsolvents as defined previously may also comprise one or more additionaldirect dyes. These direct dyes are chosen, for example, from thoseconventionally used in direct dyeing, and among which mention may bemade of any commonly used aromatic and/or non-aromatic dye such asneutral, acidic or cationic nitrobenzene direct dyes, neutral, acidic orcationic azo direct dyes, natural direct dyes other than pigments and/orone or more direct dyes that are sparingly soluble or insoluble inaqueous-alcoholic solvents, neutral, acidic or cationic quinone and inparticular anthraquinone direct dyes, azine, triarylmethane, indoamine,methine, styryl, porphyrin, metalloporphyrin, phthalocyanine, cyanineand methine direct dyes, and fluorescent dyes.

Among the natural direct dyes, mention may be made of lawsone, juglone,indigo, isatin, curcumin, spinulosin, apigenidin and orceins. Extractsor decoctions containing these natural dyes and especially henna-basedpoultices or extracts, may also be used.

The additional direct dye(s) used in the composition preferablyrepresent from 0.001% to 10% by weight approximately relative to thetotal weight of the composition(s), and even more preferentially from0.05% to 5% by weight approximately.

The cosmetic composition according to the invention comprising one ormore pigments and/or one or more direct dyes that are sparingly solubleor insoluble in aqueous-alcoholic solvents as defined previously mayalso use or comprise one or more oxidation bases and/or one or morecouplers conventionally used for the dyeing of keratin fibres.

Among the oxidation bases, mention may be made ofpara-phenylenediamines, bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, para-aminophenols,bis-para-aminophenols, ortho-aminophenols and heterocyclic bases, andthe addition salts thereof.

Among these couplers, mention may be made especially ofmeta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols,naphthalene-based couplers and heterocyclic couplers, and the additionsalts thereof.

The oxidation base(s) present in the dye composition(s) are eachgenerally present in an amount of between 0.001% and 10% by weightrelative to the total weight of the corresponding compositions.

According to another particular embodiment of the invention, thecomposition according to the invention does not contain any oxidationbase.

According to yet another embodiment, the composition does not containany coupler. Preferentially, the composition according to the inventiondoes not contain any oxidation base or any couplers of aromatic aminetype.

The cosmetic composition of the invention may be in various galenicalforms, such as a powder, a lotion, a mousse, a cream or a gel, or in anyother form that is suitable for dyeing keratin fibres. It may also beconditioned in a pump-dispenser bottle without propellant or underpressure in an aerosol can in the presence of a propellant and form afoam.

The pH of the Composition

According to one particular mode of the invention, the pH of thecomposition containing the pigment(s) and/or one or more direct dye(s)that are sparingly soluble or insoluble in aqueous-alcoholic solvents isbetween 3 and 12, preferentially between 3 and 10.5 and even morepreferentially in the region of neutrality, i.e. between 6 and 8.

The pH of the composition according to the invention may be adjusted tothe desired value by means of acidifying or basifying agents usuallyused in the dyeing of keratin fibres, or alternatively using standardbuffer systems.

Among the acidifying agents for the compositions used in the invention,examples that may be mentioned include mineral or organic acids, forinstance hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid or sulfuric acid,carboxylic acids, for instance acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acidand lactic acid, and sulfonic acids.

The Basifying Agents:

The basifying agent may be aqueous ammonia. Preferentially, thebasifying agent is chosen from alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine,diethanolamine and triethanolamine, alkali metal carbonate salts,guanidine, imidazole, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calciumhydroxide, arginine, and the compounds of formula (II) below:

in which formula (II):

-   -   W is a propylene residue optionally substituted with a hydroxyl        group or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical;    -   R_(a), R_(b), R_(c) and R_(d), which may be identical or        different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄        hydroxyalkyl radical.

More particularly, the basifying agent(s) are chosen from ethanolamine,carbonate salts, guanidine, imidazole, calcium hydroxide and arginine.

Process of Dyeing in One or More Steps

One subject of the invention concerns a process of dyeing by treating orapplying to keratin materials i) one or more compounds of formula (I) or(Ia) as defined previously and ii) one or more pigments and/or one ormore direct dyes that are sparingly soluble or insoluble inaqueous-alcoholic solvents, the ingredients i) and ii) possibly beingapplied to the materials either simultaneously in one step, orsuccessively in several steps.

According to one preferred mode of the dyeing process of the invention,the ingredients i) and ii) are applied in one step. In this case,preferentially, the ingredients i) and ii) are together in a cosmeticcomposition, which is then applied to the keratin fibres.

According to one preferred mode of the process according to theinvention, the process does not use any oxidation bases or couplers.

The leave-on time for coloration to be achieved is between 3 and 120minutes. Preferentially, after application of the composition containingthe direct dye(s) and/or the pigment(s) that are sparingly soluble orinsoluble in aqueous-alcoholic solvents, the composition is left to actfor 10 to 60 minutes.

Irrespective of the application method, the application temperature isgenerally between room temperature and 80° C. and more particularlybetween 15° C. and 45° C. Thus, it is advantageously possible, afterapplication of the composition(s) comprising ingredients i) and ii) asdefined previously, to subject the head of hair to a heat treatment byheating to a temperature of between 30 and 60° C. In practice, thisoperation may be performed using a styling hood, a hairdryer, aninfrared ray dispenser or other standard heating appliances.

A heating iron at a temperature of between 60 and 220° C. and preferablybetween 120 and 200° C. may be used, both as heating means and as hairstraightening means.

One particular mode of the invention concerns a dyeing process that itis performed at room temperature (25° C.).

After applying ingredients i) and ii) as defined previously to thekeratin fibres, the said locks are preferentially rinsed with water,washed with standard shampoo and dried by means that have been describedpreviously.

According to a particular dyeing process of the invention, thecomposition comprising ingredients i) and ii) is applied in a singlestep to the keratin fibres, particularly the hair, and is then left onfor between 15 and 60 minutes, preferentially 30 minutes, and the saidfibres are then rinsed with water, washed with standard shampoo anddried.

In all the particular modes and variants of the processes describedpreviously, the compositions mentioned are ready-to-use compositionsthat may result from the extemporaneous mixing of two or morecompositions and especially of compositions present in dyeing kits.

Dyeing Device or “Kit”:

Another subject of the invention is a multi-compartment dyeing device or“kit”. Advantageously, this device comprises from 2 to 5 compartmentscontaining from 2 to 5 compositions in which are distributed thefollowing ingredients:

-   -   i) one or more compounds of formula (I) or (Ia) as defined        previously, and    -   ii) one or more pigments and/or one or more direct dyes that are        sparingly soluble or insoluble in aqueous-alcoholic solvents.

The compositions of the device according to the invention areconditioned in separate compartments, optionally accompanied by suitableapplication means, which may be identical or different, such as finebrushes, coarse brushes or sponges.

This device mentioned above may also be equipped with a means fordispensing the desired mixture on the hair, such as the devicesdescribed in patent FR 2 586 913.

The non-limiting examples that follow illustrate the invention withoutlimiting its scope.

EXAMPLES OF DYEING

Dye (A) was prepared from 1,4-diamino-5-nitroanthracene-9,10-dione andN,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Dye(B) was prepared by reacting 2-aminopyridin-3-ol withbenzene-1,4-diamine in the presence of aqueous hydrogen peroxidesolution at basic pH. Pigment (C) is commercially available.1-n-Butyl-4-ethoxycarbonylpyrrolidin-2-one belonging to formula (I) wasprepared by condensation of diethyl itaconate with N-butylamine.

Example 1

A composition 1 comprising 10% by weight (0.047 mol per 100 g offormula) of ethyl 1-butyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate, 0.17% byweight (0.048 mmol per 100 g of formula) of1,4-diamino-5-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]amino}anthra-9,10-quinone andwater (qs 100) is applied for 30 minutes at 20° C. to a lock of naturalhair containing 90% white hairs.

After the leave-on time, the lock is rinsed, shampooed and dried. It isdyed a strong blue colour.

A comparative composition 1c comprising 0.17% by weight of1,4-diamino-5-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]amino}anthra-9,10-quinone and50/50 water/ethanol (qs 100) is applied for 30 minutes at 20° C. to alock of natural hair containing 90% white hairs, of the same batch.

The colour of the locks was evaluated in the CIE L* a* b* system, usinga Konica-Minolta cm2600d spectrocolorimeter.

The ΔE colour uptake is calculated from the measured L*a*b* values. Inthis L*a*b* system, L* represents the intensity of the colour, a*indicates the green/red colour axis and b* the blue/yellow colour axis.

The lower the value of L*, the darker or more intense the colour.

The colour uptake on the keratin fibres is evaluated according to ΔE,which is the colour variation between natural dyed fibres and naturalundyed fibres; the greater the “uptake”, the more the fibres are dyed.ΔE=√{square root over ((L*−L _(o)*)²+(a*−a _(o)*)²+(b*−b_(o)*)²)}{square root over ((L*−L _(o)*)²+(a*−a _(o)*)²+(b*−b_(o)*)²)}{square root over ((L*−L _(o)*)²+(a*−a _(o)*)²+(b*−b _(o)*)²)}

In this equation, L*, a* and b* represent the values measured on thedyeing keratin fibres and L_(o)*, a_(o)* and b_(o)* represent the valuesmeasured on the undyed keratin fibres.

Measurement Results:

The uptakes after coloration using the composition according to theinvention (composition 1) and that of the comparative composition(composition 1c) were compared as follows:

Colour “uptake” L* (D65) a* (D65) b* (D65) ΔE Undyed lock 58.1 1.5613.98 Lock dyed with 30.04 0.23 −9.09 36.37 composition 1 (invention)Lock dyed with 39.24 −0.52 −2.34 25.03 composition 1c (comparative)

The uptake on the keratin fibres is significantly greater with thecomposition of the invention containing the pyrrolidine derivative offormula (I) or (Ia), the lock dyed with this composition is much moreintense, powerful and chromatic (blue) than the lock dyed with thecomparative composition.

A series of 10 washes applied to the lock dyed with the compositionaccording to the invention led to a mild degradation of the colour (lessthan 10%). The coloration obtained with the composition of the inventionis much more remanent than that of the comparative composition.

Example 2

A composition 2 comprising 10% by weight (0.047 mol per 100 g offormula) of ethyl 1-butyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate, 0.16% byweight (0.5 mmol per 100 g of formula) of2-amino-5-[(4-aminophenyl)amino]-6-[(4-aminophenyl)imino]pyridin-3(6H)-oneand water (qs 100) is applied for 30 minutes at room temperature to alock of natural hair containing 90% white hairs.

A comparative composition 2c comprising 0.16% by weight of2-amino-5-[(4-aminophenyl)amino]-6-[(4-aminophenyl)imino]pyridin-3(6H)-oneand 50/50 water/ethanol (qs 100) is applied for 30 minutes at roomtemperature to a lock of natural hair containing 90% white hairs, of thesame batch.

After applying, the locks are rinsed, shampooed and dried.

Measurement Results:

The uptakes after coloration using the composition according to theinvention (composition 2) and that of the comparative composition(composition 2c) were compared as follows:

Colour “uptake” L* (D65) a* (D65) b* (D65) ΔE Undyed lock 49.03 1.0910.5 Lock dyed with 36.81 6.62 8.22 13.61 composition 2 (invention) Lockdyed with 40.94 4.6 8.47 9.05 composition 2c (comparative)

As for Example 1, it is observed that the uptake on the keratin fibresis significantly greater with the composition of the inventioncontaining the pyrrolidine derivative of formula (I) or (Ia), the lockdyed with this composition is much more intense, powerful and chromatic(brown) than the lock dyed with the comparative composition.

Example 3

A composition comprising 1 ml of ethyl1-butyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate, 1 ml of water and 50 mg ofcarbon nanopowder (Aldrich) is applied for 30 minutes at roomtemperature to a lock of 0.5 g of natural hair containing 90% whitehairs. After the leave-on time, the locks are rinsed, shampooed anddried. They are dyed a grey-black colour.

Results:

Colour “uptake” L* (D65) a* (D65) b* (D65) ΔE Undyed lock 57.78 −0.2112.24 Lock dyed with 39.42 0.42 6.39 19.27 composition 3 (invention)

A sharp colour uptake is observed on the keratin fibres with composition3 comprising carbon black and the compound of formula (I) or (Ia)according to the invention.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A composition comprising, in a suitablecosmetic medium: i) at least one 2-pyrrolidinone functionalized inposition 4 with an ester or amide, chosen from compounds of formula (I):

 and the organic or mineral acid or base salts thereof, optical isomersthereof, stereoisomers or enantiomers and diastereoisomers, geometricalisomers and tautomers thereof, and solvates and hydrates thereof;wherein in formula (I): X is chosen from oxygen and divalent aminogroups —N(R₅)—; wherein R₅ is chosen from hydrogen, linear or branched(C₁-C₃₀) alkyl groups optionally substituted with at least one groupchosen from —OH, —SH, —NH₂, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylammoniums, and cationicheteroaryl groups; R₁ and R₂, which may be identical or different, arechosen from: a) optionally substituted hydrocarbon-based chains, whereinthe hydrocarbon-based chain is a saturated linear C₁-C₃₀ or branchedC₃-C₃₀ or cyclic C₃-C₇ chain; and wherein the hydrocarbon-based chain isoptionally interrupted with:  i) at least one heteroatom chosen from—O—, —N(R₆)— or —S—;  ii) at least one group chosen from —S(O)—,—S(O)₂—, —C(O)—, and —N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—; a combination of i) and ii); and/or iii) a 3- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbon-based ringoptionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicalschosen from hydroxyl (OH) and amino (—NRR′); b) divalent chains-Cycl-Alk-Cycl′- wherein:  Cycl and Cycl′, which may be identical ordifferent, are chosen from cyclic hydrocarbon-based chains, and  Alk ischosen from substituted or unsubstituted (C₁-C₆) alkylene chains; c)optionally substituted hydrocarbon-based chains, wherein thehydrocarbon-based chain is a saturated linear C₂-C₃₀ or branched C₃-C₃₀or cyclic C₃-C₇ chain; and wherein the hydrocarbon-based chain isoptionally interrupted with:  i) at least one heteroatom chosen from—O—, —N(R₆)— or —S—;  ii) at least one group chosen from —S(O)—,—S(O)₂—, —C(O)—, and —N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—; a combination of i) and ii); and/or iii) a 3- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbon-based ringoptionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicalschosen from hydroxyl (OH) and amino (—NRR′); R₁ and/or R₂ substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from those of formulas (E) and (F):

 wherein in formulas (E) and (F): X′ is chosen from oxygen —O— and—N(R₅) groups; R′₁, and R′₂, which may be identical or different, are asdefined for R₁ and R₂, but cannot be substituted with the radicals (E)or (F):

 represents the point of attachment of the radicals (E) and (F) to therest of the molecule; A₁ and A₂, which may be identical or different,are chosen from: hydrogen, and groups chosen from a) —OH; b) —SH; c)—NRR′; d) —O—P(O)(OH)₂; e) —O—S(O)₂OH; f) —S(O)₂OH; g) —C(O)OH; h)saturated or unsaturated 3- to 6-membered (hetero)cycles optionallysubstituted with at least one identical or different radical chosen from(hydroxy)(C₁-C₆) alkyl, hydroxyl and —NRR′, the (hetero)cycles possiblybeing cationic; i) —N⁺(R₇)(R₈)(R₉); j) RR′N—C(═NR″)—N(R)— and

 and  k) radicals of formula (G) or (H):

 wherein in formulas (G) and (H): X″ is chosen from oxygen —O— and—N(R₅) groups; R″₁, and R″₂, which may be identical or different, are asdefined for R′₁, and R′₂, wherein A₁ and A₂ do not simultaneouslyrepresent a radical (G) or (H); R₃, R₄, R′₃, R′₄, R″₃ and R″₄, which maybe identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen and linear C₁-C₁₂ orbranched C₃-C₁₂ alkyl chains; R₆ is chosen from hydrogen and linear(C₁-C₂₀) alkyl or branched (C₃-C₂₀) alkyl groups, optionally substitutedwith a radical (G) or (H); R₇, R₈ and R₉, which may be identical ordifferent, are chosen from hydrogen and (C₁-C₆) alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group; and R, R′ and R″, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atom and(C₁-C₁₈) alkyl groups optionally substituted with at least one hydroxylgroup;  wherein when A₁, A₂, R₁, R₂, and/or R₅ contain or denote acationic group, the electrical neutrality of the compounds of formula(I) is ensured by an anionic counterion or a mixture of anioniccounterions; and ii) at least one colorant chosen from direct dyes,wherein the at least one colorant is sparingly soluble or insoluble instandard aqueous-alcoholic supports.
 2. The composition according toclaim 1, wherein X, X′ and X″ are independently chosen from oxygen andamino groups —N(R₅)—, wherein R₅ is chosen from hydrogen and(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups.
 3. The composition according to claim 1, whereinR₃, R₄, R′₃, R′₄, R^(″) ₃ and R″₄ are hydrogen.
 4. The compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein R₁ is chosen from linear C₁-C₂₀ orbranched C₃-C₂₀ saturated hydrocarbon-based chains optionallyinterrupted with at least one entity chosen from O, S, —N(R₆)—,—N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—, —N(R₆)—C(O)—, —C(O)—N(R₆)—, —N(R₆)—C(O)—N(R₇)— and —S—S—;and/or R₁ is optionally substituted with at least one identical ordifferent radical chosen from hydroxyl (OH) and —NRR′.
 5. Thecomposition according to claim 1, wherein R₆ is chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkyl groups optionally substituted with a radical (G) and R₇ is chosenfrom hydrogen and (C₁-C₆) alkyl groups.
 6. The composition according toclaim 1, wherein R″₂ is chosen from (C₁-C₄) alkylene groups.
 7. Thecomposition according to claim 1, wherein R₂ is chosen from linearC₁-C₁₂ or branched C₃-C₁₂ saturated hydrocarbon-based chains optionallyinterrupted with at least one entity chosen from O, S, —N(R₆)—,—N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—, —N(R₆)—C(O)—, —C(O)—N(R₆)—, —N(R₆)—C(O)—N(R₇)— or —S—S—;and/or R₂ is optionally substituted with at least one identical ordifferent radical chosen from hydroxyl (OH) and —NRR′.
 8. Thecomposition according to claim 1, wherein A1 is chosen from: hydrogen,OH, S(O)₂OH, NRR′ radicals, O—P(O)OH₂, O—S(O)₂OH, C(O)OH, saturated orunsaturated 4- to 6-membered (hetero)cycles, the (hetero)cycles possiblybeing cationic, and radicals of formula —N⁺(R₇)(R₈)(R₉) or (G).
 9. Thecomposition according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula (I)comprise at least one cationic group.
 10. The composition according toclaim 1, wherein the compounds of formula (I) comprise only one2-pyrrolidinone unit functionalized in position 4 with a carboxylic acidor amide and does not comprise any radicals (E), (F), (G) or (H). 11.The composition according to claim 1, wherein X is oxygen; R₃, R₄, A₁and A₂ are hydrogen; and R₁ and R₂, which may be identical or different,are chosen from linear C₁-C₈ or branched C₃-C₈ alkylene groups.
 12. Thecomposition according to claim 1, wherein A₂ is chosen from: hydrogen,OH, saturated or unsaturated 4- to 6-membered (hetero)cycles, the(hetero)cycles possibly being cationic, and radicals of formula:—N⁺(R₇)(R₈)(R₉).
 13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein R₂ ischosen from saturated C₁-C₁₀ hydrocarbon-based chains optionallyinterrupted with at least one oxygen atom.
 14. The composition accordingto claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula (I) are chosen fromcompounds of formula (I′a):

and the organic or mineral acid salts thereof, optical isomers thereof,stereoisomers, enantiomers and diastereoisomers thereof, and thesolvates and hydrates thereof; wherein in formula (I′a): X is chosenfrom oxygen and divalent amino groups —N(R′₅)—; wherein R′₅ is chosenfrom hydrogen and linear or branched (C₁-C₂₀) alkyl groups; R^(a) ischosen from linear or branched (C₂-C₃₀) alkyl groups; and R^(b) ischosen from linear or branched (C₁-C₂₀) alkyl groups.
 15. Thecomposition according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula (I)comprise two or three 2-pyrrolidinone units functionalized in position 4with a carboxylic acid or amide; wherein R₁ is chosen from divalentchains -alk-T-alk′- wherein: T is chosen from: a covalent bond σ, aheteroatom, N(R) groups, wherein R is chosen from hydrogen and (C₁-0₆)alkyl groups or -alk″-(E); and divalent groups —X_(a)-alk″-X_(b)-whereinX_(a), and X_(b), which may be identical or different are chosen fromheteroatoms and NH groups; alk, alk′ and alk″, which may be identical ordifferent, are chosen from (C₁-C₆) alkylene groups; and A₁ is chosenfrom radicals of formula (G).
 16. The composition according to claim 1,wherein the compounds of formula (I) are chosen from compounds a to ihand 1 to 108 below, the organic or mineral acid or base salts thereof,optical isomers thereof, stereoisomers or enantiomers, diastereoisomers,and tautomers thereof, and the solvates and hydrates thereof:

wherein Q³¹ is an anionic counterion; and


17. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least onecolorant is chosen from neutral, acidic or cationic nitrobenzene directdyes, neutral, acidic or cationic azo direct dyes, tetraazapentamethinedyes, neutral, acidic or cationic quinone dyes, acidic or cationicanthraquinone dyes, azine direct dyes, triarylmethane direct dyes,azomethine direct dyes, and natural direct dyes.
 18. A method for dyeingkeratin materials, comprising applying to the keratin materials i) atleast one compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 and ii) at leastone colorant chosen from pigments and direct dyes, wherein the at leastone colorant is sparingly soluble or insoluble in aqueous-alcoholicsolvents, and wherein the components i) and ii) are applied to thekeratin materials simultaneously in one step, successively, or inseveral steps.
 19. A 2-pyrrolidinone compound functionalized in position4 with an amide function chosen from: (a) compounds of formula (Ia) andthe organic or mineral acid salts thereof, optical isomers thereof,stereoisomers, enantiomers or diastereoisomers thereof, and the solvatesor hydrates thereof:

wherein in formula (Ia): R′₅ is chosen from hydrogen and linear orbranched (C₁-C₂₀) alkyl groups; R^(a) is chosen from linear or branched(C₂-C₃₀) alkyl groups; and R^(b) is chosen from linear or branched(C₁-C₂₀) alkyl groups; wherein R^(a) is not a branched chain chosen fromisopropyl —CH(CH₃)₂, n-butyl —(CH₂)₃—CH₃, tert-butyl —C(CH₃)₃, isopentyl—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃)₂, and —CH₂—CH(CH₂CH₃)—n—Bu; and wherein the compoundsof formula (Ia) are not:

wherein m=1, 4, 7, 11 and 17; and (b) compounds 1 to 108 as defined inclaim 16 and the organic or mineral acid salts thereof, optical isomersthereof, stereoisomers, enantiomers or diastereoisomers thereof, and thesolvates or hydrates thereof.
 20. A method for improving the coloruptake on keratin fibers of at least one colorant chosen from directdyes and pigments that are sparingly soluble or insoluble in standardaqueous alcoholic supports, the method comprising applying to thekeratin fibers i) the at least one colorant and ii) at least one2-pyrrolidinone compound functionalized in position 4 with an ester oramide of formula (I) as defined in claim 1, wherein the components i)and ii) are applied to the keratin materials simultaneously in one step,successively, or in several steps.
 21. A composition comprising, in asuitable cosmetic medium: i) at least one 2-pyrrolidinone functionalizedin position 4 with an ester or amide, chosen from compounds of formula(I):

 and the organic or mineral acid or base salts thereof, optical isomersthereof, stereoisomers or enantiomers and diastereoisomers, geometricalisomers and tautomers thereof, and solvates and hydrates thereof;wherein in formula (I): X is chosen from oxygen and divalent aminogroups —N(R₅)—; wherein R₅ is chosen from hydrogen, linear or branched(C₁-C₃₀) alkyl groups optionally substituted with at least one groupchosen from —OH, —SH, —NH₂, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylammoniums, and cationicheteroaryl groups; R₁ and R₂, which may be identical or different, arechosen from: a) optionally substituted hydrocarbon-based chains, whereinthe hydrocarbon-based chain is a saturated linear C₁-C₃₀ or branchedC₃-C₃₀ or cyclic C₃-C₇ chain; and wherein the hydrocarbon-based chain isoptionally interrupted with:  i) at least one heteroatom chosen from—O—, —N(R₆)— or —S—;  ii) at least one group chosen from —S(O)—,—S(O)₂—, —C(O)—, and —N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—; a combination of i) and ii); and/or iii) a 3- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbon-based ringoptionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicalschosen from hydroxyl (OH) and amino (—NRR′); b) divalent chains-Cycl-Alk-Cycl′-wherein:  Cycl and Cycl′, which may be identical ordifferent, are chosen from cyclic hydrocarbon-based chains, and  Alk ischosen from substituted or unsubstituted (C₁-C₆) alkylene chains; c)optionally substituted hydrocarbon-based chains, wherein thehydrocarbon-based chain is a saturated linear C₂-C₃₀ or branched C₃-C₃₀or cyclic C₃-C₇ chain; and wherein the hydrocarbon-based chain isoptionally interrupted with:  i) at least one heteroatom chosen from—O—, —N(R₆)— or —S—;  ii) at least one group chosen from —S(O)—,—S(O)₂—, —C(O)—, and -N⁺(R₆)(R₇)—; a combination of i) and ii); and/or iii) a 3- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbon-based ringoptionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicalschosen from hydroxyl (OH) and amino (—NRR′); R₁ and/or R₂ substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from those of formulas (E) and (F):

wherein in formulas (E) and (F):  X′ is chosen from oxygen —O— and—N(R₅) groups;  R′₁ and R′₂, which may be identical or different, are asdefined for R₁ and R₂, but cannot be substituted with the radicals (E)or (F):

 represents the point of attachment of the radicals (E) and (F) to therest of the molecule; A₁ and A₂, which may be identical or different,are chosen from: hydrogen, and groups chosen from a) —OH; b) —SH; c)—NRR′; d) —O—P(O)(OH)₂; e) —O—S(O)₂OH; f) —S(O)₂OH; g) —C(O)OH; h)saturated or unsaturated 3- to 6-membered (hetero)cycles optionallysubstituted with at least one identical or different radical chosen from(hydroxy)(C₁-C₆) alkyl, hydroxyl and —NRR′, the (hetero)cycles possiblybeing cationic; i) —N⁺(R₇)(R₈)(R₉); j) RR′N—C(═NR″)—N(R)— and

 and  k) radicals of formula (G) or (H):

 wherein in formulas (G) and (H): X″ is chosen from oxygen —O— and—N(R₅) groups; R″₁ and R″₂, which may be identical or different, are asdefined for R′₁ and R′₂; wherein A₁ and A₂ do not simultaneouslyrepresent a radical (G) or (H); R₃, R₄, R′₃, R′₄, R^(″) ₃ and R″₄, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen and linearC₁-C₁₂ or branched C₃-C₁₂ alkyl chains; R₆ is chosen from hydrogen andlinear (C₁-C₂₀) alkyl or branched (C₃-C₂₀) alkyl groups, optionallysubstituted with a radical (G) or (H); R₇, R₈ and R₉, which may beidentical or different, are chosen from hydrogen and (C₁-C₆) alkylgroups optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group; and R,R′ and R″, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogenatom and (C₁-C₁₈) alkyl groups optionally substituted with at least onehydroxyl group;  wherein when A₁, A₂, R₁, R₂, and/or R₅ contain ordenote a cationic group, the electrical neutrality of the compounds offormula (I) is ensured by an anionic counterion or a mixture of anioniccounterions; and  wherein when X is oxygen, R₃, R₄, A₁ and A₂ do notsimultaneously represent a hydrogen atom; and ii) at least one colorantchosen from pigments, wherein the at least one colorant is sparinglysoluble or insoluble in standard aqueous-alcoholic supports.